Description
The Spanish missions of California have long been misrepresented as places of benign and peaceful coexistence between Franciscan friars and California Indians. In reality, the mission friars enslaved the California Indians and treated them with deliberate cruelty. “A Cross of Thorns” describes the dark and violent reality of Mission life. Starting in 1769, California Indians were enticed into the missions, where they and their descendents were imprisoned for 60 years of forced labor and day by day beatings.
The chilling depictions of colonial cruelty in “A Cross of Thorns” are in response to little known church and Spanish government archives and letters written by the founding father of California’s mission, Friar Juniperro Serra (who advocated the whipping of Mission Indians as a typical policy), and revealed first-hand accounts of 18th and 19th century travelers.
Tracing the history of Spanish colonization in California from its origins in Spain’s 18th century economic crisis to the legacy of racism and brutality that continues as of late, “A Cross of Thorns” is among the such a lot thought-provoking books ever written on California history.
The chilling depictions of colonial cruelty in “A Cross of Thorns” are in response to little known church and Spanish government archives and letters written by the founding father of California’s mission, Friar Juniperro Serra (who advocated the whipping of Mission Indians as a typical policy), and revealed first-hand accounts of 18th and 19th century travelers.
Tracing the history of Spanish colonization in California from its origins in Spain’s 18th century economic crisis to the legacy of racism and brutality that continues as of late, “A Cross of Thorns” is among the such a lot thought-provoking books ever written on California history.
, Burgundy&url=https://www.communityconnection.us/product/lorren-home-trends-57-piece-mabel-bone-china-dinnerware-set-service-for-8-people-burgundy/&media=https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41AimBATwpL._SS1024_.jpg){kind=link}
, Gold&url=https://www.communityconnection.us/product/lorren-home-trends-57-piece-chloe-bone-china-dinnerware-set-service-for-8-people-gold/&media=https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41vAh7TCsTL._SS1024_.jpg){kind=link}
, Amber&url=https://www.communityconnection.us/product/gibson-elite-ocean-paradise-square-dinnerware-set-service-for-4-16pcs-amber/&media=https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/416%2B-aF7XVL._SS1024_.jpg){kind=link}
&url=https://www.communityconnection.us/product/pfaltzgraff-french-lace-white-dinnerware-set-32-piece/&media=https://images-na.ssl-images-amazon.com/images/I/41Exlads5TL._SS1024_.jpg){kind=link}
