A path divided: Tennessee’s Civil War heritage trail

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Prologue to War “Some of them will no more walk the paths of earth or be seen in the haunts of men. Some when they walk now march after the drum, with a sword or musket in the ranks of the Confederate army under the new flag… Others march under the glorious old Stars and Stripes, and they who were once united in the strongest bonds of friendship are now able to kill each other, only waiting for the word from their leaders. God pity the poor soldiers, and forgive those have caused all this ” – Amanda McDowell Burns, Sparta, 1862 On the eve of the great catastrophe that engulfed the nation in 1861, Tennessee stood at the center of national affairs. Home of two presidents and a tradition of Jacksonian nationalism Tennessee had earned the nickname “Volunteer State” in the leading edge of The united states’s wars of expansion. It was once the second one most populous state in the South and furnished more soldiers for the Confederacy than any other state aside from Virginia. Tennessee also furnished more men for the Union cause than all of the other Southern states put together. Thought to be the V ‘breadbasket” for the Lower South, Tennessee in 1860 ranked near the top in the output of key farm commodities like corn and hogs. The state also possessed a significant portion of the South’s manufacturing capacity in the form of ironworks, munitions factories, gunpowder mills, and copper mines. Through Tennessee ran the South’s main east-west rail lines in addition to the western Confederacy’s principal north-south line. The heart of commerce and trade in the Upper South, Tennessee held enormous strategic importance as a result of her economic resources. The state’s slave population had increased at a faster rate than the general populace, going from 22.1% of the state’s inhabitants in 1840 to 24.8% in 1860.

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