By All Accounts: General Stores and Community Life in Texas and Indian Territory (Race and Culture in the American West Series)

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Description

The general store in late-nineteenth-century The united states was once regularly the economic heart of a small town. Merchants sold goods important for residents’ day-to-day survival and extended credit to many of their customers; cash-poor farmers relied on merchants for their economic well-being just as the retailers needed customers to purchase their wares. But there was once more to this mutual dependence than economics. Store owners regularly helped found churches and other institutions, and so they and their customers worshiped together, sent their children to the same schools, and in times of crisis, came to each other’s assistance.

For this social and cultural history, Linda English combed store account ledgers from the 1870s and 1880s and found in them the experiences of thousands of people in Texas and Indian Territory. Particularly revealing are her insights into the on a regular basis lives of women, immigrants, and ethnic and racial minorities, especially African Americans and American Indians.

A store’s ledger entries yield a wealth of detail about its proprietor, customers, and merchandise. As a local gathering place, the general store witnessed many aspects of residents’ day-to-day lives—many of them recorded, if impulsively, in account books. In a small community with only one store, the clientele would include white, black, and Indian shoppers and, in some locales, Mexican American and other immigrants. Flour, coffee, salt, potatoes, tobacco, domestic fabrics, and other staples typified most purchases, but occasional luxury items reflected the buyer’s desire for refinement and upward mobility. Recognizing that townspeople regularly accessed the wider world through the general store, English also traces the have an effect on of national concerns on remote rural areas—including Reconstruction, race relations, women’s rights, and temperance campaigns.

In describing the social status of store owners and their economic and political roles in both small agricultural communities and larger towns, English fleshes out the fascinating history of day-to-day life in Indian Territory and Texas in a time of transition.

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