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Dakota Prisoner of War Letters: Dakota Kaskapi Okicize Wowapi

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Description

In April 1863—after the U.S. Dakota War of 1862, after the hanging of thirty-eight Dakota men in the largest mass execution in U.S. History— some 270 Dakota men were moved from Mankato, Minnesota, to a prison at camp McClellan in Davenport, Iowa. Separated from their wives, children, and elder relatives, with inadequate shelter, they lived there for three long, wretched years. More than 120 men died. Desperate to hook up with their families, many of these prisoners of war learned to write. Their letters, mostly addressed to the missionaries Stephen R. Riggs and Thomas S. Williamson, asked for information, for assistance, and for lend a hand sending and receiving news of their family members.

Dakota elders Clifford Canku and Michael Simon, fluent Dakota speakers, provide both the Dakota transcription and the first published English translation of fifty of these letters, culled from Riggs’s papers on the Minnesota Historical Society. They’re a precious resource for Dakota people learning about the travails their ancestors faced, vital number one source documents for historians, and an important tool for Dakota language learners and linguists.

These haunting documents present a history that has long been unrecognized on this country, in the words of the Dakota people who lived it. The dedication written by the authors, either one of whom are descenda”nts of Dakota prisoners of war, declares: “Our relatives are watching over us. / We are humbled as we honor our ancestors. / Woecon kin de unyakupi do / We accept this responsibility you gave us.”

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