Defiance and Deference in Mexico’s Colonial North: Indians under Spanish Rule in Nueva Vizcaya

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Winner, Thomas F. McGann Memorial Prize, Rocky Mountain Council on Latin American Studies, 2004
Southwest Book Award, Border Regional Library Association, 2003

In their efforts to impose colonial rule on Nueva Vizcaya from the sixteenth century to the middle of the seventeenth, Spaniards established missions some of the principal Indian groups of present-day eastern Sinaloa, northern Durango, and southern Chihuahua, Mexico—the Xiximes, Acaxees, Conchos, Tepehuanes, and Tarahumaras. Yet, when the colonial era ended two centuries later, only the Tepehuanes and Tarahumaras remained as distinct peoples, the other groups having disappeared or blended into the emerging mestizo culture of the northern frontier. Why were these two indigenous peoples in a position to care for their group identity under conditions of conquest, even as the others could not?

In this book, Susan Deeds constructs authoritative ethnohistories of the Xiximes, Acaxees, Conchos, Tepehuanes, and Tarahumaras to give an explanation for why only two of the five groups successfully resisted Spanish conquest and colonization. Drawing on extensive research in colonial-era archives, Deeds provides a multifaceted analysis of each and every group’s past from the time the Spaniards first attempted to settle them in missions as much as the middle of the eighteenth century, when secular pressures had wrought momentous changes. Her masterful explanations of how ethnic identities, subsistence patterns, cultural beliefs, and gender relations were forged and changed over the years on Mexico’s northern frontier offer necessary new ways of understanding the struggle between resistance and adaptation by which Mexico’s indigenous peoples are still engaged, five centuries after the “Spanish Conquest.”

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