Existentialism From Dostoevsky To Sartre

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What is Existentialism? It’s possibly probably the most misunderstood of up to date philosophic positions—misunderstood because of its broad popularity and general unfamiliarity with its origins, representatives, and principles.

Existential thinking does not originate with Jean Paul Sartre. It has prior religious, literary, and philosophic origins. In its narrowest formulation this is a metaphysical doctrine, arguing as it does that any definition of man’s essence will have to follow, not precede, an estimation of his existence. In Heidegger, it affords a view of Being in its totality; in Kierkegaard an approach to that inwardness indispensable to authentic religious experience; for Dostoevsky, Kafka, and Rilke the existential situation bears the stamp of up to date man’s alienation, uprootedness, and absurdity; to Sartre it has vast ethical and political implications.

Walter Kaufmann, writer of Nietzsche, is eminently qualified to present and interpret the insights of existentialism as they occur and are deepened by the major thinkers who express them.

In each and every case complete selections or entire works have been employed: The Wall, Existentialism, and the complete chapter on “Self-Deception” from L’être et le Néant by Sartre; two lectures from Jaspers’ book Reason and Existenz; original translations of On My Philosophy by Jaspers and The Way Back into the Ground of Metaphysics by Heidegger. There may be, as well, material from Dostoevsky, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, Rilke, and Camus.

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