Description
Sandwiched between the center of ancient Greece and the lands of Persia, the Greek cities of Western Anatolia were the spark that ignited one of the most such a lot iconic conflicts of the traditional world. Fought over many times within the 5th century BC, their conquest by the Persians provided a casus belli for Alexander the Great to cross the Hellespont in 334 BC and launch the battle of Granicus and the sieges of Miletus and Halicarnassus. A mix of Greek and Asian styles of military architecture, these fortified cities were revolutionary of their multi-linear construction – successive defensive walls – with loopholes and mural arches. Konstantin Nossov illustrates the evolution of Greek fortifications and the influences of the region they bordered on this fascinating have a look at.