Making Lamanites: Mormons, Native Americans, and the Indian Student Placement Program, 1947-2000

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Winner of the Juanita Brooks Prize in Mormon Studies

From 1947 to 2000, some 50,000 Native American children left the reservations to live with Mormon foster families. Even as some dropped out of the Indian Student Placement Program (ISPP), for others the months spent living with LDS families regularly proved more penetrating than expected.
     The ISPP emerged within the mid-twentieth century, championed by Apostle Spencer W. Kimball, aligned with the then national personal tastes to terminate tribal entities and assimilate indigenous other folks. But as the paradigm shifted to self-determination, critics labeled this system as crudely assimilationist. Some ISPP students like Navajo George P. Lee fiercely defended the LDS Church before native peers and Congress, contending that it empowered Native other folks and instilled the true Indian identity; meanwhile Red Power activists organized protests in Salt Lake City, denouncing LDS colonization. As a new generation of church leaders quietly undercut the Indian programs, many of its former participants felt a sense of confusion and abandonment as Mormon distinctions for Native other folks faded within the overdue twentieth century.
     Making Lamanites traces this student revel in within contested cultural and institutional landscapes to show how and why many of these Native youth adopted a new notion of Indianness. 

Winner of the Francis Armstrong Madsen Easiest Book Award from the Utah Division of State History.

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