Origins of the American Indians: European Concepts, 1492-1729 (Llilas – Latin American Monograph)

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The American Indian—origin, culture, and language—engaged the most productive minds of Europe from 1492 to 1729. Were the Indians the results of a co-creation? Were they descended from the Ten Lost Tribes of Israel? Could they have got emigrated from Carthage, Phoenicia, or Troy? These kinds of and many other theories were proposed.

How could scholars account for the multiplicity of languages some of the Indians, the differences in levels of culture? And how did the Indian arrive in The usa—by the use of as a bridge a now-lost continent or, as used to be later suggested by some persons in the light of an expanding knowledge of geography, by the use of the Bering Strait as a migratory route?

Most of the theories regarding the American Indian were first advanced in the sixteenth century. In this distinctive book Lee E. Huddleston looks carefully into those theories and proposals. From many research sources he weaves an historical account that engages the reader from the very first.

The two most influential men in an early-developing controversy over Indian origins were Joseph de Acosta and Gregorio García. Approaching the subject with restraint and with a critical eye, Acosta, in 1590, suggested that the presence of diverse animals in The usa indicated a land connection with the Old World. Then again, García accepted several theories as equally imaginable and presented each in the strongest imaginable light in his Origen de los indios of 1607.

The critical position of Acosta and the credulous stand of García were both developed in Spanish writing in the seventeenth century. The Acostans settled on an Asiatic derivation for the Indians; the Garcians continued to accept most sources as imaginable. The Garcian position triumphed in Spain, as used to be shown by the republication of García’s Origen in 1729 with considerable additions consistent within the original framework.

Outside of Spain, Acosta used to be the more influential of the two. His writings were critical in the thinking of such men as Joannes de Laet (who bested Grotius in their polemic on Indian origins), Georg Horn, and Samuel Purchas. By the end of the seventeenth century the Acostans of Northern Europe had begun to apply physical characteristics to the determination of Indian origins, and by the early eighteenth century these new criteria were beginning to place the question of Indian origins on a more nearly scientific level.

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