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The Civil War: The Struggle that Divided America (Inquire & Investigate)

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Slavery or freedom? The question of whether to make the USA a slave country or to make all people free was the question that pitted the states against each other in a brutal battle. In The Civil War: The Struggle that Divided The usa, readers ages 12-15 explore this conflict through the eyes and ears of the women and men who were touched by the clash that left more than 700,000 soldiers dead.

Following the American Revolution, slavery was enshrined in the U.S. Constitution. On the other hand, the USA still wrestled with whether it would be a country of slavery or grant freedom for all. The southern states relied on slavery’s economic role, at the same time as the northern states, though also beneficiaries of some great benefits of slavery, were closer to deciding that the institution must be outlawed. The rapid territorial expansion of the USA in the first half of the nineteenth century created a series of crises that upset the delicate balance of power between free and slave states, in the end sparking the Civil War.

President Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862, sounding the death knell of slavery. This act permitted African-Americans to enroll in the fight and enslaved people fled to Northern lines. The Confederacy lost slave labor, one of its greatest war weapons. The Union implemented a strategy of total war, which achieved victory, but only after shocking carnage. The Confederate army surrendered on April 9, 1865, but celebrations in the north were short-lived. A week later, President Lincoln was assassinated. The legacies of the Civil War are far reaching and include the abolition of slavery and the endurance of a unified nation.

In The Civil War: The Struggle that Divided The usa, readers follow in the footsteps of two young men, Elisha Hunt Rhodes and Sam Watkins. From opposite sides, these men fought for similar reasons―adventure, country, and freedom. Readers develop into myth busters as they examine primary source documents to prove slavery’s role in causing the war and experience the life of a soldier as they evaluate patriotic music, design models of battlefield fortifications, and explore camp life. Other activities include calculating the mathematics of death and examining the role women played in providing medical care and on the home front.

The Civil War was the central crisis in American history. The issues at the heart of the conflict―race, freedom, and citizenship―still resonate today.

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