The Road to Canada: The Grand Communications Route from Saint John to Quebec (New Brunswick Military Heritage)

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Description

Since the last Ice Age, the only protected route into Canada’s interior all the way through the winter began at the Bay of Fundy and followed the main rivers north to the St. Lawrence River through what is now New Brunswick. Aboriginal people used this route as a major highway in all seasons and the great imperial powers followed their lead.

The Grand Communications Route, as it was once then known as, was once the only conduit for people, information and goods passing from side to side between the interior settlements and the wider world and became the backbone of empire for both England and France in their centuries of warfare over this territory. It was once Joseph Robineau de Villebon, a commandant in Acadie, who first made strategic use of the route in time of war because he understood its importance in the struggle for North The us. A strategic link between the Atlantic colonies and Quebec, the French made extensive use of the route to communicate and move troops between the northern settlements and Fort Beauséjour, Louisbourg, and Port-Royal. The British put great effort into maintaining and fortifying the route, building major coastal forts at Saint John to guard its entrance and erecting garrisons and blockhouses all along the way to the St Lawrence, first as a defence against the French and then to ward off the Americans.

The route also played a key role in the American Revolution In addition to the Aroostook War of 1839 that saw bodies of troops lining every side of the border extending from St. Andrews (NB) and Calais (ME) to Madawaska. In 1842, the Grand Communications Route and the Webster-Ashburton Treaty decided the location of the Canada—US border.

It is still in use today: the Trans-Canada Highway and Route 7 follow its path. In addition to telling the story of the Grand Communications Route from the earliest human habitation of the area, The Road to Canada describes the historic sites, forts, blockhouses and other historic remains that can still be visited today, including Martello Tower (Saint John), the Fort Hughes blockhouse (Oromocto), the Fort Fairfield blockhouse (Fort Fairfield, ME), Le Fortin du Petit-Sault (Edmundston), the Fort Kent blockhouse (Fort Kent, ME) and Fort Ingall (Cabano, QC).

The Road to Canada is the fifth volume in the New Brunswick Military Heritage Series.

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