To Show Heart: Native American Self-Determination and Federal Indian Policy, 1960-1975

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Description

Federal policy toward Native Americans has fluctuated wildly in the twentieth century. Washington long envisioned that Indians would be assimilated into American culture—until FDR’s New Deal introduced tribal self-government. Then, all over the Truman and Eisenhower administrations, its goal became the termination of federal wardship status for Indians. This book considers the changes in attitude that began in 1960 and culminated in the Indian Self-Determination Act of 1975. Drawing on personal interviews with key players, George Castile goes at the back of the scenes in Washington to reveal what motivated policy makers—and who in reality shaped policy—from the Kennedy to the Ford administrations.

To Show Heart is a detailed and unbiased account of some of the least understood periods in Indian affairs. It tells how “termination” became a political embarrassment all over the civil rights movement, how Lyndon Johnson’s War on Poverty prompted politicians to rethink Indian policy, and how championing self-determination presented a possibility for Presidents Nixon and Ford to “show heart” toward Native Americans. Along the way, Castile assesses the have an effect on of the Indian activism of the 1960s and 1970s and offers an objective view of the American Indian Movement and the standoff at Wounded Knee. He also discusses the up to date history of individual tribes, which gives greater meaning to decisions made at the national level. Castile’s work greatly enhances our understanding of the formulation of current Indian policy and of the changes that have occurred since 1975. To Show Heart is the most important book not only for anthropologists and historians but also for Native Americans themselves, who will get pleasure from this inside look at how bureaucrats have sought to resolve their destinies.

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