Transatlantic Fascism: Ideology, Violence, and the Sacred in Argentina and Italy, 1919-1945

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Description

In Transatlantic Fascism, Federico Finchelstein traces the intellectual and cultural connections between Argentine and Italian fascisms, showing how fascism circulates transnationally. From the early 1920s well into the Second World War, Mussolini tried to export Italian fascism to Argentina, the “such a lot Italian” country outdoor of Italy. (Nearly half the rustic’s population used to be of Italian descent.) Drawing on extensive archival research on both sides of the Atlantic, Finchelstein examines Italy’s efforts to advertise fascism in Argentina by distributing bribes, sending emissaries, and disseminating propaganda through film, radio, and print. He investigates how Argentina’s political culture used to be in turn transformed as Italian fascism used to be appropriated, reinterpreted, and resisted by the state and the mainstream press, in addition to by the Left, the Right, and the unconventional Right.

As Finchelstein explains, nacionalismo, the correct-wing ideology that developed in Argentina, used to be no longer the wholesale imitation of Italian fascism that Mussolini wished it to be. Argentine nacionalistas conflated Catholicism and fascism, making the bold claim that their movement had a central place in God’s designs for their country. Finchelstein explores the fraught efforts of nationalistas to develop a “sacred” ideological doctrine and political program, and he scrutinizes their debates about Nazism, the Spanish Civil War, imperialism, anti-Semitism, and anticommunism. Transatlantic Fascism shows how right-wing groups constructed a distinctive Argentine fascism by appropriating some elements of the Italian model and rejecting others. It reveals the specifically local ways in which a global ideology such as fascism crossed national borders.

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